Painting by: Alexander Bogdanovich Willewalde entitled "Cavalry skirmish in the village".

The Hungarian Revolution & War of Independence (1848–49)

A wargamer’s field guide to Europe’s most “gameable” 1848 conflict: a fast‑growing national army (the Honvéd), a professional Habsburg response, a multi-front war of rivers and fortresses, and—finally—overwhelming Russian intervention. This guide explains the history and geography in plain English, rates the key battles for tabletop play, and gives table‑ready tools: rules options, campaign structures, house rules, generic OOB blocks, and three scenario-ready force packs.

Executive Summary (what to play, and why):
  • Timeframe: roughly one year of campaigning, with “dozens of significant engagements” on three major fronts and about half a million troops engaged overall, making it unusually rich in scenarios. [S1]
  • Best tabletop flavour: mixed troop quality + command friction + river crossings + cavalry pursuit. Use objectives (bridges, magazines, fortress relief) more than annihilation.
  • Core mini-campaigns: (1) the Spring Campaign (April–May 1849) as a linked series of “evening battles” [S2]; (2) the Transylvanian winter fighting (Bem) as rugged, artillery‑led manoeuvre; (3) the endgame (Russian + Austrian pressure) as a fighting withdrawal to a surrender point.
  • Scales: 28mm for skirmish/raids; 15–20mm for battalion/brigade club nights; 6mm for operational campaigns and linked battles. Irregular’s separate 2mm/6mm shop remains active. [S3]
  • Rules picks: Sharp Practice (large skirmish) [S4], Black Powder (brigade) [S5], General de Brigade (brigade decisions) [S6], Bloody Big Battles: Hungary ’48 (16 scenarios + campaign options) [S1], and Age of Valor (grand tactical from 1848 onward) [S7].
⚔️ Battle ✴️ Action □️ Skirmish □ Siege ⬢ Operational
Primer

Political & Historical Background

  • Why it starts: The March 1848 upheaval in Pest‑Buda created a Hungarian ministry responsible to the Diet (transferred from Pozsony/Pressburg, now Bratislava). [S8]
  • Why it becomes war: Vienna’s counter‑revolution and the Habsburg court’s reliance on loyalist forces (notably Ban Jelačić’s Croatian army) turn a constitutional crisis into a shooting war—complicated by ethnic and regional uprisings (especially in the south). [S9] [S10]
  • Why it escalates: After battlefield successes in spring 1849, the Diet at Debrecen adopted a Declaration of Independence on 14 April 1849 (a key “political event” for campaign rules). [S11]
  • Why it ends: The war is finally decided by combined pressure: Austria regroups, then Russia intervenes with a major field army; after defeats, the main Hungarian army surrenders to the Russians at Világos on 13 August 1849. [S12]
Design lens for wargamers: Treat 1848–49 as a friction‑heavy “nation‑in‑arms” war. Your rules should make quality, time and crossings more decisive than raw attrition.
Ground

Geography Primer — rivers, plains, and fortresses

  • The Danube: the great operational highway and barrier. Buda/Pest sits astride it, while Komárom is a key fortress position on the river line. [S13]
  • The Tisza: the eastern “stop line” of the Great Plain. In game terms: the Tisza splits the war into west/east theatres and makes bridges/fords decisive objectives. [S2]
  • Transylvania: mountains, passes, and mixed populations—perfect for tight‑front battles and ambush‑heavy operations. Bem’s fighting around Piski/Nagyszeben makes artillery, bridges, and road junctions matter. [S14] [S15]
  • Southern frontier (Vojvodina/Banat): a messy multi-actor front (uprisings, militia, raids, riverine obstacles). It is excellent for skirmish and convoy scenarios. [S10]
  • Key fortresses to game: Buda (Ofen), Komárom, Arad, Temesvár/Timișoara. Fortresses are not “points” — they are campaign engines: supply hubs, forced marches, relief attempts, and political deadlines. [S13] [S16]
Table tip: Build your battlefield around 2–3 hard geometry features (river, fortress, ridge) and 3–5 soft friction features (woods, vineyards, villages, marsh). The war becomes instantly recognisable.
At a glance

Timeline & Campaign Flow

timeline title Hungarian Revolution & War of Independence (1848–49) 1848-03-15 : March Days in Pest-Buda; Hungarian ministry established in Pest 1848-06-1849-10 : Southern fighting (Vojvodina/Serb uprising) and raids 1848-09-29 : Pákozd — Jelačić checked 1848-10-30 : Schwechat — Hungarian relief attempt for Vienna fails 1848-12-1849-02 : Winter campaigning; Hungary retreats and reorganises 1849-02-09 : Piski (Transylvania) — bridge/river battle 1849-02-26 : Kápolna — Austrian victory (strategic pause) 1849-03-31 : Spring Campaign begins (sequence of battles) 1849-04-14 : Declaration of Independence at Debrecen 1849-05-04 : Siege of Buda begins 1849-05-21 : Buda (Ofen) captured — Spring Campaign culminates 1849-06-1849-08 : Russian intervention; summer endgame 1849-07-31 : Segesvár/Schäßburg (Transylvania) — defeat 1849-08-09 : Temesvár — decisive defeat 1849-08-13 : Világos — surrender to Russians
graph LR A[March 1848: Reform & revolution] --> B[Autumn 1848: Croatia/Austria invade] B --> C[Southern front ignites (Vojvodina)] B --> D[Transdanubia & Vienna relief attempt] D --> E[Winter 1848-49: Habsburg push; Hungarian reorganisation] E --> F[Transylvania: Bem’s campaign] E --> G[Spring 1849: Hungarian counter-offensive (series)] G --> H[Buda retaken; political escalation: independence] H --> I[Austria regroups + Russia intervenes] I --> J[Summer 1849: converging offensives] J --> K[Defeats (Segesvár, Temesvár)] K --> L[Világos surrender; fortress hold-outs]

If you’re only going to link one sequence of battles, make it the Spring Campaign: it explicitly forms a coherent chain of actions culminating in Komárom relief and the capture of Buda. [S2]

Scenarios

Campaigns & Battles — rated for the tabletop

  • Autumn 1848: Jelačić’s invasion (Pákozd) and the failed relief of Vienna (Schwechat) create “classic” early‑war morale games. [S9] [S17]
  • Winter 1848–49: manoeuvre in bad going, shattered units, emergency recruiting—excellent for “fog of war” mini‑campaign rules. (Use it to teach your command rules.)
  • Transylvania (Bem): bridge fights (Piski), town fighting and mixed militia (Nagyszeben). [S14] [S15]
  • Spring 1849: the best wargaming sequence—Hatvan → Tápióbicske → Isaszeg → Vác → Nagysalló → Komárom relief → Buda assault. [S2]
  • Summer 1849: Russian intervention and converging offensives; the “endgame” is about saving the army, not winning the battle. [S12]

⚔️ Pákozd (29 Sep 1848)

Battle Hills & villages Hungary vs Croatia/Austria ★★★★☆

Why play: Ideal “first 1848 game”: newly raised troops, improvised deployments, and a clear operational stake—stop the road to Pest. Great for quality bands and “first fire” nerves.

⚔️ Schwechat (30 Oct 1848)

Battle Fog / confusion Near Vienna ★★★☆☆

Why play: A scenario for imperfect intelligence: multiple columns, bad coordination, and a strong “relief attempt” narrative. It shines with hidden movement and delayed orders.

⚔️ Kápolna (26–27 Feb 1849)

Battle Two-day fight Austrian success ★★★★☆

Why play: “Reset battle” before the Spring Campaign: command drama, changing fronts, and reserves deciding the day. Fantastic as a campaign hinge—win or lose, the next phase changes.

⚔️ Piski (9 Feb 1849)

Battle Bridge fight Transylvania ★★★★☆

Why play: A pure wargamer’s geometry: one crossing, one road, decisive guns, and a clock. Perfect for river‑crossing rules and “hold until relieved” objectives.

⚔️ Nagyszeben / Hermannstadt (11 Mar 1849)

Battle Town + fort Bem in Transylvania ★★★☆☆

Why play: Mixed regulars and militia, urban edges, and artillery deciding entrances. Best at smaller table scale with strict time limits and a retreat corridor.

✴️ Hatvan (2 Apr 1849)

Action Spring Campaign Advance guard ★★★★☆

Why play: “Opening punch” of the Spring Campaign: fast, playable, and excellent as Game 1 of a linked set. Keeps forces modest and outcomes meaningful.

✴️ Tápióbicske (4 Apr 1849)

Action River/bridge Swing battle ★★★★★

Why play: A perfect bridge drama: units arrive, collide at a crossing, then recover. Reward players who can rally shattered troops and re‑form for a second attempt.

⚔️ Isaszeg (6 Apr 1849)

Battle Multi-corps Turning point ★★★★★

Why play: The “big one” of the Spring Campaign: reserves, flank threats, and a decisive centre. Works in 15–20mm club scale or grand tactical 6mm.

✴️ Vác (10 Apr 1849)

Action Town edges Operational manoeuvre ★★★★☆

Why play: A strong follow‑on battle: the tactical result matters, but the operational direction matters more. Great for “exit points” and pursuit rules.

⚔️ Nagysalló (19 Apr 1849)

Battle Open + villages Spring Campaign ★★★★☆

Why play: A complete “brigade battle” with clear lines and counterattacks. Perfect for Black Powder/GdB style games: steady advance, then a crisis point.

✴️ Komárom Relief (26 Apr 1849)

Action Fortress relief Operational stake ★★★★★

Why play: Wargaming gold: a fortress, a relief attempt, and supply lines. Use victory points for lifting the siege and saving guns rather than wiping units out.

□ Siege of Buda / Ofen (4–21 May 1849)

Siege Assault ladders Urban edges ★★★★★

Why play: A rare, table-friendly siege with a clear timebox and a famous culminating assault. Excellent for engineer points, bombardment phases, and storming columns.

⚔️ Temesvár / Timișoara (9 Aug 1849)

Battle Endgame Austria + Russia ★★★★☆

Why play: “Last chance” battle: heavy guns, tired troops, and a collapsing operational situation. Best played with strict command friction and a breakout objective.

✴️ Világos (13 Aug 1849)

⬢ Operational Encirclement Surrender drama ★★★☆☆

Why play: Not a conventional battle—an operational end-state. Use it as the finale of a linked campaign: if Hungarians preserve cohesion and guns, they get a “better surrender” outcome.

Shortcut for busy clubs: If you want one product that explicitly supports linked play, Bloody Big Battles: Hungary ’48 says it lets you refight 16 important battles and includes campaign options linking outcomes. [S1]
Table‑Ready

From History to Table

  • Stand-alone nights: pick any Spring Campaign battle and play it as a clean objective game (bridges, villages, road exits). Use “arrival windows” to mimic columns converging.
  • Mini-campaign (6 games): Hatvan → Tápióbicske → Isaszeg → Vác → Nagysalló → Buda. Carry forward: (1) veteran upgrades, (2) lost guns, (3) supply level, (4) leader casualties.
  • Strategic/operational: three-front map (West/Danube, South/Vojvodina, East/Transylvania). Each turn: choose one front to “activate” strongly; the others receive only raids and skirmishes. This mirrors the historic challenge of fighting on multiple fronts. [S1] [S10]
  • Victory conditions: keep them political and operational: save the field army, hold the bridgehead, lift a siege, protect the magazine, capture the fortress within time.
House rules pack (drop into almost anything):
  • Troop quality: use bands Guard / Elite / Veteran / Trained / Militia / Green. Upgrade Honvéd “cores” after Spring victories; keep National Guard fragile.
  • First‑fire nerves: Green/Militia units test the first time they take casualties from musketry; fail = Disordered until rallied.
  • Command friction: each brigade/column gets 1–3 “orders”; changing the plan costs an extra order or requires a test. Without orders, you can continue the previous instruction only.
  • River crossings: bridges have a throughput cap (e.g. one unit per turn); unattached artillery counts as two slots. Fords require a test; fail = half movement + disorder.
  • Cavalry pursuit: after winning melee vs broken infantry, light cavalry may pursue; if contact is made, the infantry tests or becomes a rout and drops a stand/marker (or suffers extra casualties).
  • Ammunition/resupply: batteries check ammo after 6–8 shots; low ammo halves effect until a wagon/depot objective is reached. Make resupply an objective, not a bookkeeping chore.
  • Irregulars: border militia and partisans may deploy hidden in rough terrain; they cannot hold open ground against formed units for long (worse rally), but they score extra VP for cutting roads and damaging wagons.
Play It

Rules — skirmish to operational

  • Skirmish / raids: Sharp Practice (large black‑powder skirmish) — explicitly built for leader‑driven friction. [S4]
  • Battalion/brigade: Black Powder (18th–19thC battles) — flexible with plenty of optional rules hooks for tailoring. [S5]
  • Battalion/brigade (command decisions): General de Brigade Deluxe — stresses higher‑command choices (brigade formations/objectives, assault timing, reserves). [S6]
  • Evening “big battles” with scenarios: Bloody Big Battles: Hungary ’48 — explicitly offers 16 battles, each designed to reach a finish in an evening, with campaign linking options. [S1]
  • Grand tactical / operational scale battles: Age of Valor (expansion for Age of Eagles II) — explicitly states it covers European warfare from the 1848 Hungarian Revolution onwards. [S7]
Mapping the house rules to common engines:
  • Sharp Practice: use Status to model quality (Green leaders lower status), add a “first fire” shock burst, and treat bridges as fixed terrain obstacles with a strict cap.
  • Black Powder / GdB: use Stamina, Morale, and Command ratings to model Honvéd growth; enforce river throughput and scripted reinforcements; apply pursuit casualties as a post-combat roll.
  • BBB / Age of Valor: treat “ammo” and “supply” as scenario levers (pre-game conditions, limited bombardments, slower recovery) rather than per-turn arithmetic.
Reference

Generic OOB Blocks — quick profiles for any ruleset

These are intentionally “generic but period-faithful” building blocks. Use them as ready-made unit profiles, then tune strengths and basing to your preferred rules. For colour and structure, modern OOB-focused works exist (e.g. Nigel J. Smith’s The Honvéd War summary emphasises organisation/tactics/operations of the armies). [S18]

Hungarian unit Type Gaming strength Weapons Tactics on the table Quality band Remarks
Honvéd Line Infantry Battalion Formed infantry 600–900 men Smoothbore muskets (mixed patterns), bayonets; some rifles in select troops Volley + advance; can form column for assault; improves with experience Trained → Veteran Make Spring Campaign veterans tougher to shake (one “free rally” per game, or +1 morale).
Honvéd Volunteer Battalion Infantry 500–800 Mixed muskets; variable kit Best in defence/cover; short rushes, then rally Green → Trained Apply first‑fire nerves. Great for “hold then withdraw” missions.
National Guard Battalion Militia 400–900 Older muskets/hunting pieces; inconsistent ammunition Static defence; reluctant assault in open Militia / Green Command restriction: cannot change formation unless within commander radius and passes a test.
Honvéd Light / Jäger Detachment Skirmish-capable 80–160 Better firearms; occasional rifles Skirmish screen; seize woods/vineyards; pick off guns Veteran Give a cover bonus and a “fall back through cover” move once per game.
Hussar Squadron Light cavalry 120–180 sabres Sabres; pistols/carbines Recon, flank threat, pursuit; avoid frontal charges into steady infantry Trained → Veteran Campaign bonus: reveal enemy entry edge / delay an enemy move once per campaign turn (“screening”).
Field Battery Artillery 6 guns (sometimes 2–4 in detachments) Smoothbore guns/howitzers; canister at close range Anchor approaches to bridges/villages; punish columns Trained Ammo-check after 6–8 rounds; resupply is an objective (wagon/depot).
Austrian unit Type Gaming strength Weapons Tactics on the table Quality band Remarks
Imperial Line Infantry Battalion Formed infantry 650–950 Percussion muskets (e.g. Augustin system) + bayonets Orderly volleys; reliable formation changes; strong defence Trained → Veteran In many rulesets: better command reliability than equivalent Hungarian “new” units. [S19]
Grenzer Battalion Border light infantry 500–800 Muskets; some rifles Skirmish screens; fights well in rough ground and villages Trained Use as scenario “knife fighters” around woods and built-up areas.
Jäger Company/Battalion Elite light infantry 120–800 Better firearms; trained skirmish Forward screen; suppress enemy skirmishers and guns Veteran → Elite Scarce but potent. Best used to seize villages early.
Uhlans / Light Cavalry Squadron Light cavalry 120–170 Lance/sabre; some carbines Pursuit and flank control Trained → Veteran Give a pursuit bonus; weaker in sustained melee vs heavy cavalry.
Dragoons / Heavy Cavalry Squadron Shock cavalry 120–170 Sabre; some carbines Counterattack; break disordered infantry Veteran Slower redeploy; stronger impact on charge.
Field Battery Artillery 6 guns Smoothbores/howitzers; canister Set-piece bombardment; anchor the line Trained → Veteran Often give Austrian/Russian side slightly more artillery to model weight.
Russian / Auxiliaries Type Gaming strength Weapons Tactics on the table Quality band Remarks
Russian Line Infantry Battalion Formed infantry 700–1,000 Smoothbore muskets + bayonets Relentless pressure; wins by endurance Trained → Veteran Model “staying power”: better rally, slower initiative.
Russian Jäger / Light Infantry Light infantry 600–900 Muskets; skirmish-capable Occupy villages; support the line; grind forward Trained → Veteran Use as village-holders that are difficult to shift once in cover.
Cossack Sotnia Irregular cavalry 100–180 Sabre/lance; firearms variable Recon, raid, pursue broken troops Trained (morale “swingy”) Campaign tool: intercept messengers, cut a supply road, harry retreats.
Border Militia (Croat/Serb/Romanian) Irregular infantry 80–300 (detachments) / 400–800 (battalions) Mixed muskets; blades Ambush, village defence, raids Green → Militia Southern front: perfect for skirmish + convoy games and “burn the magazine” objectives. [S10]
Ready-to-play

Scenario Force Packs — Early / Spring / Endgame

Each pack is designed to be rules-agnostic and matches your requested fields: commanders, brigades/groups, cavalry, artillery, and campaign hooks.

FORCE PACK 1 — Early War (Autumn/Winter 1848): “Mobilisation & Confusion”
Side Commander Brigade / Group Units (typical) Artillery Campaign hook
Hungarian Honvéd Colonel (Trained) Brigade A (core) 2× Honvéd line battalions (Trained), 1× light detachment (Veteran), 1× volunteer battalion (Green) 1× 6‑gun battery (Trained) Delay at a bridge/village to buy time for mobilisation.
Hungarian -- Brigade B (militia) 1–2× National Guard battalions (Militia/Green), 1× partisan detachment (Green) -- Score VP for holding a road junction until Turn X or burning a supply wagon.
Hungarian -- Cavalry (attached) 1× Hussar squadron (Trained), 1× “local horse” (Trained) -- Use the cavalry to screen retreats and protect the artillery/baggage.
Austrian Imperial General (Veteran) Advance Guard 3× line battalions (Trained/Veteran mix), 1× Grenzer battalion (Trained), 1× Jäger detachment (Veteran) 1× 6‑gun battery (Veteran) Break through and open the road to the capital; chase broken troops for bonus VP.
Austrian -- Cavalry (attached) 1× light cavalry (Trained), 1× dragoons (Veteran) -- Keep dragoons as a crisis reserve; use light horse for screening and pursuit.
FORCE PACK 2 — Spring Campaign (Apr–May 1849): “Tempo & Turning Movements”
Side Commander Brigade / Group Units (typical) Artillery Campaign hook
Hungarian Field Army Commander (Veteran) Division core 3× Honvéd battalions (Veteran), 2× Honvéd battalions (Trained), 1× light detachment (Veteran) 2× 6‑gun batteries (Trained) Play as a chain: casualties, captured guns, and fatigue carry forward between battles. [S2]
Hungarian -- Cavalry wing 2× Hussar squadrons (Veteran/Trained), optional 1× reserve horse Optional horse artillery section (2–4 guns) Win by forcing enemy retreat and relieving pressure on Komárom / enabling the Buda siege.
Austrian Imperial Corps Commander (Veteran) Field force 4× line battalions (Trained/Veteran), 1× Grenzer (Trained), 1× grenadiers (Elite), 1× Jäger (Elite) 2× 6‑gun batteries (Veteran/Trained) Scenario lever: “hold until reinforcements” versus “win by Turn X”.
Austrian -- Cavalry (attached) 1× light cavalry (Veteran), 1× dragoons (Veteran) -- Convert retreats into routs with disciplined pursuit and flank pressure.
FORCE PACK 3 — Endgame (Summer 1849): “The Net Tightens”
Side Commander Brigade / Group Units (typical) Artillery Campaign hook
Hungarian Army Commander (Veteran) Rear‑guard 2× Honvéd battalions (Veteran), 2× Honvéd battalions (Trained), 1× light detachment (Veteran) 1× 6‑gun battery (Trained), 1× horse section (2–4) Win by exiting units and saving guns; lose VP for each captured wagon/limber.
Hungarian -- Cavalry screen 1× Hussar squadron (Veteran), 1× mixed horse (Trained) -- Use hussars to protect crossings, screen retreats, and delay pursuit.
Russia Column Commander (Veteran) Main column 4× line battalions (Trained), 1× line battalion (Veteran), 1× Jäger/light battalion (Trained) 1× heavy battery (8 guns), 1× field battery (6 guns) Operational win: prevent Hungarian exits; seize and hold the bridgehead/road junction.
Russia -- Cavalry 1× Cossack sotnia (Trained), optional 1× regular cavalry -- Raid supply lines and threaten retreat corridors.
Austria (optional) Second Axis Commander (Veteran) Timed reinforcement 2× line battalions (Trained), 1× grenadiers (Elite), 1× light cavalry (Veteran) 1× field battery (6 guns) Adds the historical “pincer”: Hungarians must break out before both edges close.
Build It

Miniatures, Terrain & Scale guidance

  • 15mm / 20mm: best for multi‑brigade games on 6'x4' (or smaller). Use 2–4 battalions per brigade and let the artillery be decisive without becoming the whole game.
  • 28mm: best for skirmish, raids, and “bridgehead” fights where figure character matters. Perfect for hussars and colourful command vignettes.
  • 6mm operational: represent brigades/divisions so you can do the whole Spring Campaign on a map with 2–3 table battles.
Where to buy figures (official/primary links where available):
  • Irregular Miniatures (15/20/28mm): announced closure on 25 March 2026; 2mm/6mm continues separately. [S20]
  • Irregular “Hungarian Uprising 1848–49” (15mm page): includes army packs and notes on using commanders from other ranges. [S21]
  • Irregular 2mm & 6mm shop (continues): explicitly a shop for 2mm/6mm figures and scenery, with horse‑and‑musket era listings and scenery packs. [S3]
  • Keelmen Miniatures: blog notes a free introductory booklet and ongoing sculpting for Hungary 1848–49; their “Hungary 1848–49” category currently directs to WeeWolf Miniatures USA. [S22] [S23]
  • Honvéd Miniatures (15mm): maker’s catalogue blog is explicitly tagged for 1848/49 and Austrian/Hungarian nations; useful if you want “this war only” figures. [S24]
  • Wargames Foundry (28mm Crimean War): Russians, Turks, limbers, artillery — highly usable as 1849 Russians and general mid‑century “weight” once painted consistently. [S25]
  • Black Hussar Miniatures: not a dedicated 1848 line, but a strong source for civilians, baggage, and Napoleonic-era “generic Central Europe” pieces for camps and scenarios. [S26]
  • Khurasan Miniatures: no dedicated 1848–49 Hungarian range located in their historical index at the time of research; still useful as a general 15mm supplier across periods. [S27]
Proxy options that work (if you standardise bases + flags):
  • Austrians: 1866 Austro‑Prussian War or 1859 Italian War ranges often proxy well at tabletop distance (chiefly for line infantry and cavalry silhouettes).
  • Russians: Crimean War Russians are the easiest proxy pool (infantry, Cossacks, batteries). [S25]
  • Border auxiliaries: “Balkan” irregulars, militia, and civilian packs (various manufacturers) cover the southern-front look.
Terrain/buildings (official links):
Terrain advice per scale:
  • 28mm: one “main village”, one bridge, and one ridge line is enough. Use fences, orchards, and stone walls to create skirmish lanes.
  • 15–20mm: prioritise crossings and roads. Put 3–4 villages on the table but keep them small so manoeuvre still exists.
  • 6mm: emphasise rivers + rail/road junctions. Make fortresses removable “templates” so they can be attacked, relieved, or bypassed.
References

Sources & Key Links

Open sources used & official links (for fact-checking and further reading)
  • [S1] North Star Military Figures — Bloody Big Battles: Hungary ’48 Battles (scope, “half a million troops”, three fronts; 16 battles + campaign options). Open
  • [S2] Spring Campaign (April–May 1849) — battle sequence and culminations (Komárom relief; Buda liberated). Open
  • [S3] Irregular 2mm & 6mm shop — explicitly “2mm & 6mm range of wargaming figures and scenery”. Open
  • [S4] TooFatLardies — Sharp Practice (large skirmish black powder focus). Open
  • [S5] Warlord Games — Black Powder II (18th–19th century battles). Open
  • [S6] Caliver Books / Partizan Press — General de Brigade Deluxe (emphasis on brigade-level decisions). Open
  • [S7] Age of Eagles — Age of Valor (covers European warfare from the 1848 Hungarian Revolution onward). Open
  • [S8] Encyclopaedia Britannica — Hungarian Revolution overview (ministry established; siege of Buda noted). Open
  • [S9] Battle of Pákozd (date/place and context). Open
  • [S10] Ohio University — “Serbia’s Role in the Conflict in Vojvodina, 1848–49” (southern revolts and spread). Open
  • [S11] Hungarian Declaration of Independence (primary-source reprint; adopted 14 April 1849 at Debrecen). Open
  • [S12] Surrender at Világos (13 Aug 1849; surrendered to Russians). Open
  • [S13] Siege of Buda (4–21 May 1849; part of Spring Campaign; assault capture). Open
  • [S14] Battle of Piski (Transylvania; bridge fight). Open
  • [S15] Second Battle of Nagyszeben (Bem in Transylvania). Open
  • [S16] Battle of Temesvár (9 Aug 1849; endgame battle context). Open
  • [S17] Battle of Schwechat (30 Oct 1848; failed relief attempt for Vienna). Open
  • [S18] Helion & Company — Nigel J. Smith, The Honvéd War (organisation/tactics/operations focus). Open
  • [S19] Augustin percussion musket (Austrian mid‑19th century musket system; contextual weapon). Open
  • [S20] Irregular Miniatures closure notice (25 March 2026; 2mm/6mm continue). Open
  • [S21] Irregular “Hungarian Uprising 1848–49” (army packs + notes on commanders). Open
  • [S22] Keelmen Miniatures blog (free intro booklet; notes on Hungary 1848–49 sculpting and compatible hussar heads). Open
  • [S23] Keelmen “Hungary 1848–49” category (availability note). Open
  • [S24] Honvéd Miniatures (15mm) blog (conflict tags include “1848/49 Hungarian War of Independence”). Open
  • [S25] Wargames Foundry Crimean War (28mm Russians/Turks etc. for proxy use). Open
  • [S26] Black Hussar Miniatures (official site). Open
  • [S27] Khurasan Miniatures historical index (range directory). Open
  • [S28] Warbases 15mm buildings category. Open
  • [S29] Sarissa Precision (multi-scale terrain manufacturer). Open
  • [S30] Terrains4Games MDF terrain (explicit 15/20/28mm support). Open
  • [S31] Baccus 6mm Western European buildings. Open
Wargaming the Hungarian Revolution 1848–49 | Scenarios & OOBs